河南省农村贫困人口分布特点与扶贫对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王荣来  刘晓林  杨延哲  林富瑞 《地域研究与开发》2000,19(1):92-94

文章介绍了贫困人口概念及其具体的划分标准,分析了河南省贫困人口所处地区的自然和社会经济条件差、计划生育失控、劳动者科技文化教育滞后 造成现阶段贫困的主要原因。并且在总结河南扶贫工作取得重大成就的同时,指出了今后扶贫攻坚任务的艰巨性及庆继续采取的对策与措施。  相似文献   

贫穷VS.环境:从红绿冲突到红绿愿景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李永展 《世界地理研究》2003,12(2):1-9

第三次地球高峰会已于南非约翰内斯堡落幕，此国际盛事的主题为“环境”与“贫穷”，然而对照第二次地球高峰会所制颁的“21世纪议程”，我们不禁感叹人类对于解决问题的努力不仅是步履蹒跚，更似乎是有退无进。但或许我们更应该问的是，究竟什么才是造成环境与贫穷问题的根源?基于这样的提问，本文试图从贫穷的社会与环境投射切入，探讨必须解决的三个主要歧见(谁来出钱?基金应如何调度运用?技术转移及智能财产权的问题应如何处理?)。然后从全球化的趋势，本文尝试解读不同面向与尺度的极化效应，最后提出二个谈判桌外的解决之径：取径绿色资本主义、取径地方创新。  相似文献   

The political ecology of poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe's Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE)     

B.Ikubolajeh Logan 《Geoforum》2002,33(1):1-14

The CAMPFIRE program in Zimbabwe is one of a `new breed' of strategies designed to tackle environmental management at the grassroots level. CAMPFIRE aims to help rural communities to manage their resources, especially wildlife, for their own local development. The program's central objective is to alleviate rural poverty by giving rural communities autonomy over resource management and to demonstrate to them that wildlife is not necessarily a hindrance to arable agriculture, “but a resource that could be managed and `cultivated' to provide income and food”. In this paper, we assess two important elements of CAMPFIRE: poverty alleviation and local empowerment and comment on the program's performance in achieving these highly interconnected objectives. We analyze the program's achievements in poverty alleviation by exploring tenurial patterns, resource ownership and the allocation of proceeds from resource exploitation; and its progress in local empowerment by examining its administrative and decision making structures. We conclude that the program cannot effectively achieve the goal of poverty alleviation without first addressing the administrative and legal structures that underlie the country's political ecology.  相似文献   

基于夜间灯光数据的西南地区县域旅游多维减贫效应时空变化研究     

张颖  汪侠  闫艺涵  史舒悦  海少琪 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(8):1541-1557

旅游发展是消除贫困的重要途径之一,从多维贫困视角对旅游减贫进行研究具有重要意义。以脱贫摘帽的西南地区国家级贫困县为研究案例,引入NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据测度多维贫困,并使用地理加权回归方法分析2012—2019年旅游发展的多维减贫效应。结果表明：① 2012—2019年,西南地区贫困县旅游发展水平不断提高,呈现“东高西低”的空间格局,旅游发展的区域差异不断缩小;② 2012年以来,西南地区贫困县多维贫困日趋改善;空间分布上,多维贫困程度自西向东逐渐降低,空间差异趋于缩小;③ 西南地区贫困县旅游发展能够缓解包括经济、教育、医疗和社会保障等方面的多维贫困,旅游多维减贫效应具有明显的空间异质性,川东、川北和滇东南地区贫困县的旅游减贫强度较高,滇西、渝东南和黔西地区旅游减贫强度较低;④ 旅游减贫强度主要受到旅游资源禀赋、经济发展水平和交通区位条件的影响,影响因素通过旅游资源开发、强化旅游产业支撑和提高旅游通达性等途径改善贫困地区的经济、教育、医疗和社会保障水平,实现旅游发展的多维减贫。旅游减贫的发展需要结合贫困地区实际情况考虑,提高旅游产品竞争力,完善配套设施建设,改善交通运输条件,以提高旅游减贫效果。另外,研究发现基于夜间灯光数据测度多维贫困具有较高的精度,能够为贫困问题研究提供数据支持。研究结果对中国旅游扶贫战略实施尤其是2020年后预防返贫具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

Climate change impacts on Namibia's natural resources and economy     

HANNAH REID  LINDA SAHLéN  JESPER STAGE  JAMES MACGREGOR 《Climate Policy》2013,13(5):452-466

Climate change is likely to exacerbate the dry conditions already experienced in southern Africa. When rainfall does come, it is likely to be in bursts of greater intensity, leading to erosion and flood damage. However, these predictions have had very little influence on policy in southern African countries. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model simulations for Namibia indicate that over 20 years, annual losses to the Namibian economy could be up to 5% of GDP, due to the impact that climate change will have on its natural resources alone. This will affect the poorest people the most, with resulting constraints on employment opportunities and declining wages, especially for unskilled labour in rural areas. Namibia must take steps to ensure that all its policies and activities are ‘climate proofed’ and that it has a strategy to deal with displaced farmers and farm workers. The need to mainstream climate change into policies and planning is clear, and it is the responsibility of industrialized nations, who have largely created the problem of climate change, to help Namibia and other vulnerable countries cope with climate change impacts and plan for a climate-constrained future.  相似文献   

基于村域视角的脱贫成效空间格局及影响机制研究——以湖南省新晃侗族自治县84个出列村为例     

蒋凌霄  安悦  谭雪兰  余航菱  王振凯  陈园 《地理研究》2022,41(4):1136-1151

贫困与摆脱贫困是中国改革和发展路径选择的起点和动力来源。本研究从经济建设成效、基础与公共服务设施建设成效、生活保障与就业保障成效4个维度构建评价指标体系,对2019年新晃县脱贫成效的空间格局与影响机制进行研究。结果表明：① 2019年新晃县出列村经济建设与生活保障脱贫成效指数差异较小,“高、较高、一般成效”区域相间分布,基础与公共服务设施建设、就业保障脱贫成效具有较为明显的空间分异特征。② 新晃县出列村综合脱贫成效在空间上整体呈现出“东高西低”的格局,且与地形存在较强的相关性特征。③ 新晃县综合脱贫成效主要影响因素为患有大病及长期慢性病的脱贫人数占比、行政村距县城距离、年龄结构、户均收入高于县平均收入户数占比、劳动力状况等。村域发展基础与村域自然要素是影响脱贫成效的基础本底因素,村域人口结构是影响村域脱贫成效空间分异的关键主导因素,而村域发展潜力是巩固脱贫成效的持续推动力。  相似文献   

Differences and dynamics of multidimensional poverty in rural China from multiple perspectives analysis     

Wang  Bingbing  Luo  Qing  Chen  Guangping  Zhang  Zhe  Jin  Pingbin 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(7):1383-1404

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Absolute poverty was completely eliminated in China in 2020. However, poverty measured by income does not fully reflect the actual situation. This paper analyses...  相似文献   

The Impacts of Relocation on the Livelihoods among Different Agro-pastoralist Groups in an Immigrated Village in Tibet     

ZHU Jin  PAN Ying  ZHAO Zhongxu  LI Zhennan  WU Junxi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(5):888-896

China has achieved a comprehensive victory in poverty eradication. Relocation has been the major measure of the poverty alleviation strategy, and 10 million poor people have successfully been relocated in the ‘Thirteenth Five-Year’ period (from 2016 to 2020). This paper established an integrated evaluation index system for the livelihoods of relocated groups and the sustainability of the village, based on the framework of United Nation 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and using the data from questionnaire surveys in Bailang Village, Tibet. The indicator system quantitatively analyzed the changes in the livelihoods of different agro-pastoralist groups before and after relocation from the three aspects of living standards, livelihood assets, and livelihood strategies. The results showed that relocation led to the improvement of the livelihoods of immigrated households. As the duration after relocation increases, the living standards rise steadily, especially in poverty eradication (SDG1), which increased nearly 100%. Relocation affects the livelihood strategies of the relocated groups, in that the original pure farmers chose more diverse livelihood strategies and the non-farm employment ratio (SDG8) of the village increased. The total SDG score increased from the perspective of the sustainable development of the village. The data also showed that relocation had limited impacts on the livelihoods of the aborigines. The results implied that the relocation policy for poverty alleviation has been implemented successfully in this area. This research could support policy optimization for improving the sustainability of the village and the livelihoods of the immigrants.  相似文献   

Does Ski Tourism Improve the Regional Economy? The Case Study of Chongli,China     

WANG Zhe  JIANG Yiyi  LI Xinjian  WANG Ning  ZHANG Yue 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(4):603-612

Chongli is one of the venues for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. Since 2009, the government of Chongli has emphasized the development of a tourism strategy, which gradually contributed to alleviating regional poverty. With data collected from 2009 to 2019, ski tourism and the regional economy in Chongli were analyzed using the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) Model. This analysis indicated, first, there were three stages in the relationship between ski tourism and the regional economy in Chongli, including weak coordination (2009-2011), starting coordination (2012-2015), and strong coordination (2016-2019). Second, sport tourism, such as ski tourism, is likely to contribute to the regional economy and alleviate poverty. Third, the case of Chongli illustrates that policy and sports events are significant for helping a place to develop sports tourism, in addition to making full use of local resources. Finally, the development of skiing tourism has had a positive impact on citizens’ and farmers’ incomes, though it may have impacted citizens more. This research suggests that regional resources are essential for the development of sport tourism and the promotion of regional economies. Developing regions should seize the bonus period of sports events and policies. More attention should be paid to the differences between urban citizens and farmers in order to establish a better redistribution system. Considering the climatic factors, more studies need to analyze the sustainability of ski tourism in developing regions.  相似文献   

基于BP神经网络的区域贫困空间特征研究——以武陵山连片特困区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘一明  胡卓玮  赵文吉  王志恒 《地球信息科学学报》2015,(1):69-77

随着国家新一轮区域发展和扶贫攻坚战略的实施,连片特困地区成为新时期扶贫开发工作的主战场。本文以武陵山连片特困区县级行政区划为例,从自然和社会因素中选取主要贫困影响因子,构建评价指标体系,利用GIS和BP神经网络,模拟区域自然致贫指数、社会经济消贫指数,分析贫困的内在成因,探究贫困的空间分布特征,旨在为扶贫开发政策的制定和区域协调发展提供辅助决策。结果表明,研究区自然因素是主要的致贫原因,而社会因素在一定程度上起到了缓解作用。大部分县的自然致贫程度在中等以上,其中,铜仁、湘西地区程度较为严重,绝大多数贫困地区的社会经济水平不高,缓解贫困的能力不强;黔江地区、张家界地区的贫困程度较低,铜仁地区和湘西地区的贫困程度较高。各县的贫困状况和贫困程度存在较大差异,古丈、龙川,务川、正安,隆回、新化及道通、城步共同构成武陵山片区"大分散、小聚集"的贫困分布格局。今后的扶贫开发过程中,应充分考虑自然致贫因素,深入挖掘区域资源优势,加强区域间的交流与协作。  相似文献